1、在打开ArcMap工程文档的前提下，使用内嵌在ArcMap里的Python窗口，将数据添加到当前的mxd文档中，参考代码如下：
mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("CURRENT")
df = arcpy.mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd, "Layers")[0]
theShape = r"E:\zgl.shp"
addLayer = arcpy.mapping.Layer(theShape)
arcpy.mapping.AddLayer(df, addLayer, "AUTO_ARRANGE")
arcpy.RefreshActiveView()
arcpy.RefreshTOC()
2、只通过脚本文件.py，实现打开mxd文档并添加数据。
import arcpy
import os
mypath=r"E:\zgl2.mxd"
mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(mypath)
df = arcpy.mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd, "Layers")[0]
theShape = r"E:\zgl.shp"
addLayer = arcpy.mapping.Layer(theShape)
arcpy.mapping.AddLayer(df, addLayer, "AUTO_ARRANGE")
arcpy.RefreshActiveView()
arcpy.RefreshTOC()
mxd.save()
x=os.startfile(mypath)
print mxd
print b
文章来源：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_8026b6cf0102woir.html
